“Neftburservis” company

The problem of the fullest extraction of hydrocarbons from bowels puts before
an oil science the important problems on research, working out, test and
introduction of the new technologies directed on increase of efficiency of
working out of oil and gas deposits.
Last years in working out of oil and gas deposits there were changes which
have led to increase of a share of difficultly taken stocks of the oil dated for
difficult constructed, a little nontight, unproductive layers in this connection,
questions of reduction of quantity of chinks get for today a special urgency.

It is known that formation and the subsequent condition at layer zones (PZP)
strongly influence efficiency of chinks. Formation of condition PZP depends
on operations which are spent at building of chinks - primary and secondary
opening of productive layers, cementation, development etc.
Zakuporivanie about chink space, filtrates and a firm phase of chisel solutions
leads to decrease in filtrational and capacitor parametres not-considerable in
the sizes at chink zones. However these zones make essential impact on size
of hydrodynamic resistance to an oil or gas stream at movement of these fluids
from a layer in a chink.

Thus for overcoming gidro dynamic resistance creation of corresponding
gradients of pressure at development that is not always possible because of
the limited power possibilities of a layer and type layer a fluid is necessary.
As a result phase permeability can decrease in tens times.
Permeability decrease in is in certain cases marked at a chink to a zone on
the average in 4,4 times (on separate measurements and in 17 times) in
comparison with a remote zone.
Thus degree of reduction of permeability is defined by depth of damage of a
layer deterioration of permeability of a zone usually estimate “skin-effect”.

Its origin speaks presence of a zone of the lowered permeability round a
trunk of the chink which have resulted pollution by particles of a chisel
solution and its filtrate, and also negative influence of other technological
liquids applied and development of chinks.
Penetration of firm particles and a filtrate of chisel solutions, adjournment
of bitumen, pitches and paraffin on walls of capillaries, reduction of
permeability owing to change of effective mountain pressure lead to reduction
oil of return of a layer, and accordingly, to decrease in rates of working out
and deterioration gidro dynamic indicators of a layer.

Decrease in permeability of breeds on distance of several centimetres from
a layer surface in a chink trunk can be excluded by drilling extended, to
1000 mm, the filter-tsionnyh of channels at secondary opening of a layer.
Now more than 95 % of all volumes of secondary opening of a layer are
ensured by cumulative punchers, is much more rare - gidro sand jet, slot-hole,
drilling, and also without drilling in the method.
Opening of layers by cumulative punchers in most cases provides high quality
of hydrodynamic communication of a chink with a layer. However penetrative
ability of a cumulative stream partially decreases because of presence of a
layer of a liquid between the puncher and a column in this connection the part
of energy of a stream is spent for its overcoming.

Depth of the channel punched in a partition depends on its density and mechanical
properties of a material. The great value has diameter of the punched aperture.
It is especially important at cumulative punching as the fused material of facing of
cumulative dredging moves after a cumulative stream with a speed about in 10 times
of smaller speed of a head part of a stream, and at small diameter of an aperture can
cork it, and vyso temperature melts off walls of the received channel in breed to a
condition of a glass crust that considerably reduces filtrational characteristics of
created channels.

Also in difficult geologo-specifications cumulative punching is not effective that
objasnja-etsja, considerable transformation of physical and physical and chemical
properties PZP both in the course of chink building, and in the course of secondary
opening. Work of cumulative punchers is accompanied by the big explosive pressure.
At cumulative drilling PCS-80 in to a column 146mm they reach 200MPa, at cumulative
cumulative drilling PC 103 (105) - 80MPa.
Thus only small part of energy of explosion makes the useful work directed on creation of channels, informing a productive layer with a column cavity. Other part of energy worsens hydrodynamic perfection of opening of a productive layer.

It causes pulse deformation columns and, as consequence, destruction a cement stone that promotes break waters from the is lower-lying not punched layers - collectors. Besides, at application of this method the sizes of the formed apertures are not supervised. At application of cumulative punching reception of special allowing documents on storage, delivery and application of explosive materials is necessary and also to spend special preparation of staff. Known defects of cumulative punching have caused development without the explosive methods of secondary opening of productive layers.
Drilling method of secondary opening of a layer is the method with application of the drilling puncher PS-112 which is not rendering impulsno - shock effect on a column and a cement stone behind a column.

The analysis of trade tests of application of drilling puncher PS-112 at secondary
opening of productive layers has shown that efficiency from use of the given puncher
considerably below expected result in a consequence small penetration into a layer.
In some cases there was a necessity of realisation of repeated opening of a layer.